Protection
Knowledge Base articles tagged Protection.
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Does glass block UVA? Windows, cars and UV film
Ordinary window glass stops almost all UVB but lets a large share of UVA through. How much passes through home, office and car glass, why windshields differ from side windows, what the driver skin-cancer studies show, and how to choose UV film.
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Does clothing block UVA? UPF ratings and what actually works
UPF is erythemally weighted, so like SPF it is really a UVB measure — which is why the European standard adds a separate UVA limit. Fabric transmission by material, colour and weave, what happens when cloth gets wet or stretched, and how hats and shade really perform.
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UVA sunscreen labels decoded: PA+++, the UVA circle, stars and critical wavelength
SPF measures UVB almost exclusively. How to read actual UVA protection: the EU circled-UVA logo, the Japanese PA system, Boots stars, the US broad-spectrum test, avobenzone photostability, and which UVA filters are available where.
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How much sunscreen you actually need — and why UVA suffers most
Sunscreen is tested at 2 mg/cm² and applied at a quarter of that, and protection falls exponentially with thickness. Why under-application and photodegradation hit UVA protection hardest, plus the teaspoon and two-finger rules.
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UVA and your eyes: sunglasses, UV400, cataracts and pterygium
How UVA reaches and damages the eye, what UV400, EN ISO 12312-1 and ANSI Z80.3 actually guarantee, why dark lenses without UV filtering may be worse than none, and why frame shape matters more than lens darkness.
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